Much criticism of the New World Translation involves the rendering of certain texts in the New Testament considered to be biased in favor of specific Witness practices and doctrines.^{[93][94][95][89][96][97]} These include the use of “torture stake” instead of “cross” as the instrument of Jesus’ crucifixion;^[93] the use of the indefinite article (“a”) in its rendering of John 1:1to give “the Word was a god”;^[93][98] the term “public declaration” at Romans 10:10, which may reinforce the imperative to engage in public preaching;^[93] the term “taking in knowledge” rather than “know” at John 17:3 to suggest that salvation is dependent on ongoing study;^[93] and the placement of the comma in Luke 23:43, which affects the timing of the fulfillment of Jesus’ promise to the thief at Calvary.^[99]